“You have also heard that our ancestors were told, ‘You must not break your vows; you must carry out the vows you make to the LORD.’ But I say, do not make any vows! Do not say, ‘By heaven!’ because heaven is God’s throne. And do not say, ‘By the earth!’ because the earth is his footstool. And do not say, ‘By Jerusalem!’ for Jerusalem is the city of the great King. Do not even say, ‘By my head!’ for you can’t turn one hair white or black. Just say a simple, ‘Yes, I will,’ or ‘No, I won’t.’ Anything beyond this is from the evil one. - Matthew 5:33-37 (NLT)
Do you remember the childhood game, Simon Says? A leader barks out orders to follow – raise your right arm, march in place, stick out your tongue, etc. But the only orders participants are to follow are those that Simon says. Two words make the command real or not. Paying attention to those words leads to failure or victory.
When Jesus offered wisdom related to making vows, it was at a time when people were appealing to oaths to validate what they were saying. The implication was that if they didn’t swear by God that what they were saying was true, it was almost like them saying they had their fingers crossed. Jesus was simply pointing out how ludicrous such living is – don’t believe me unless I take an oath!
Sometimes we human beings say things, commit to things, and never follow through. We feel good in the moment when we agree to do the thing; same with the person we just told we would do it. And then we don’t do it. We can get away with this a few times based on the graciousness of the person we said we would help but didn’t. Too many times, however, and we find ourselves not being asked to help again because they know the likely outcome, that we will not live up to our word. We have the capacity to ruin our word over time. It’s like the next time an opportunity arises, we have to put our hand on a Bible and promise we’ll come through, otherwise we will not be believed. That’s a sad state. We can build trust back, but it takes a long time.
The US court system treats honesty seriously, at least in theory. In a range of settings – not just a courtroom – people swear, taking an oath that what they are saying is true. If they are found to be lying (not just mistaken), they are guilty of perjury, which can land you in jail for five to seven years. Why does lying carry such a steep penalty? Because lying gets in the way of justice.
The old adage, sticks and stones may break my bones but words can never hurt me is deeply false. It may be good for brushing off rowdy fans calling you a bum while you’re up to bat, but in many other cases, words can be deeply hurtful, creating wounds that last far longer than many physical ones. Columnist Earl Wilson once quipped, “If you wouldn’t write it and sign it, don’t say it.” Perhaps as a journalist he was all too aware of the power of words.
Jesus is calling us to be honest. Simple enough. Or is it?
In an episode on the hit sitcom, Seinfeld, characters Jerry, Elaine, and Kramer are faced with a challenging situation: Do they simply tell the truth or not? The context: their friends invited them to the Hamptons for the weekend, in part, so that they could meet their recently welcomed baby. The problem? Apparently, the baby wasn’t particularly cute. How do you respond when doting parents are asking you if you think their ugly baby is adorable? Jerry and Elaine were able to hide their facial expressions. Kramer? Not so much...
We’ve all been there in similar situations. A kids’ artwork. A friend’s outfit decision. Someone’s breath, dance moves, unzipped fly, terrible cooking, pigsty house – how many can you name? Simply stating the truth is a nice truism, yet in real life it’s more complicated. Did you know that even Jesus apparently violated his own rule? When asked by his brothers if he was going to attend the Festival of Shelters in Jerusalem, he said he wasn’t, even though he was (John 7).
There is more to consider, isn’t there? Solomon, in his offering wisdom in his book of Proverbs, wrote that “a gentle answer turns away wrath, but a harsh word stirs up anger” (Prov. 15:1 NRSV). Perhaps this is also why the author of the New Testament book of James advised readers to “be quick to listen, slow to speak, and slow to get angry” (James 1:19 NLT). Ecclesiastes reminds us that there is a time to be silent and a time to speak (Ecc. 3:7) – likely for good reason. Not everything we think or want to say needs to be said, does it?
Yes, James agrees with Jesus’ instruction, himself saying “don’t take oaths – just let your “yes” be “yes” and your “no” be “no”, and yet he also had much more to say about the power of our words and the use of our tongue:
Don’t be in any rush to become a teacher, my friends. Teaching is highly responsible work. Teachers are held to the strictest standards. And none of us is perfectly qualified. We get it wrong nearly every time we open our mouths. If you could find someone whose speech was perfectly true, you’d have a perfect person, in perfect control of life.
A bit in the mouth of a horse controls the whole horse. A small rudder on a huge ship in the hands of a skilled captain sets a course in the face of the strongest winds. A word out of your mouth may seem of no account, but it can accomplish nearly anything—or destroy it!
It only takes a spark, remember, to set off a forest fire. A careless or wrongly placed word out of your mouth can do that. By our speech we can ruin the world, turn harmony to chaos, throw mud on a reputation, send the whole world up in smoke and go up in smoke with it, smoke right from the pit of hell.
This is scary: You can tame a tiger, but you can’t tame a tongue—it’s never been done. The tongue runs wild, a wanton killer. With our tongues we bless God our Father; with the same tongues we curse the very men and women he made in his image. Curses and blessings out of the same mouth!
My friends, this can’t go on. A spring doesn’t gush fresh water one day and brackish the next, does it? Apple trees don’t bear strawberries, do they? Raspberry bushes don’t bear apples, do they? You’re not going to dip into a polluted mud hole and get a cup of clear, cool water, are you? – James 3:1-12 MSG
Thanks, James, for making it clear that we have little hope in taming out tongues. What are we to do? What is the rule to follow beyond “don’t take oaths”?
At CrossWalk, we talk a lot about the Hebrew word and concept of shalom. I believe it represents what motivates God to create everything, is the vision to which God’s Spirit constantly woos, and is also the means and tone with which God whispers invitation into our ears to co-develop in every corner of our lives, even when faced with ugly babies. Shalom is all about deep peace – not just the absence of conflict. Shalom is about wellbeing and harmony. Shalom is also about truth, yet always seeks to express it from love at its depths.
Thomas Merton offered his insight to our ongoing conversation:
In the end, the problem of sincerity is a problem of love. A sincere person is not so much one who sees the truth and manifests it as he sees it, but one who loves the truth with a pure love. But the truth is more than an abstraction. It lives and is embodied in people and things that are real. And the secret of sincerity is, therefore, not to be sought in a philosophical love for abstract truth but in a love for real people and real things – a love for God apprehended in the reality around us. It is difficult to express in words how important this notion is. The whole problem of our time is not lack of knowledge but lack of love. If we only loved one another, we would have no difficulty in trusting one another and in sharing the truth with one another. – Following the Call: Living the Sermon on the Mount Together (p. 128). Kindle Edition.
The writer of Ephesians agrees: “Let our lives lovingly express truth [in all things, speaking truly, dealing truly, living truly]. Enfolded in love, let us grow up in every way and in all things like Christ (the Messiah, the Anointed One)” (Eph. 4:15 AMPC). Apparently, this is not a simplistic, binary equation, but one that calls us to greater and greater maturity.
May you and I be wise as we consider when to speak and when to be silent. And when we choose to open our mouths after first listening, may our words be crafted with love, delivered with love, and received as love.